Antineoplastic+Drugs

= ANTI NEOPLASTIC DRUGS!!!!!! =



__Cancer Terms:__ Anaplasia: Loss of cellular differentiation and organization

Autonomy: loss of regulation of homeostatic properties such as cell growth and control

Metastasis: Cells travel from place of origin and begin to form new tumors in other areas of the body **Angiogenesis: cancer cells redirect blood vessels to supply themselves with O2 and nutrients** Causes of Cancer: Types of Cancer
 *  Genetic Predisposition
 * Viral Infection
 * Constant Irritation
 * Stress


 * Solid Tumors
 * Carcinoma
 * Sarcoma


 * Hematological Malignancies
 * Leukemia and Lymphoma

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Cancer Treatment:
 * 1) <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Surgery
 * 2) <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Radiation Therapy
 * 3) <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Chemotherapy (Antineoplastic Agents)

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Classes of Antineoplastic Drugs:
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Alkylating Agents
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Antimetabolites
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Antineoplastic Antibodies
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Mitotic Inhibitors
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Hormones and hormone modulatiors
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">Cancer cell-specific agents



<span style="color: #00cdff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">Alkylating Agents
 * **Chorambucil (Leukeran)**
 * <span style="color: #00cdff; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">React chemically with RNA, DNA, and other cellular proteins, killing them.
 * Non cell specific, can effect cells even in resting phase
 * Most useful in slow growing cancers such as lymphomas, leukemias, ovarian, testicular, breast, and pancreatic cancers

<span style="color: #00cdff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 160%;">Side Effects
 * Hematological- bone marrow suppression
 * GI- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
 * Alopecia or hair loss
 * Skin breakdown
 * CNS- toxicity (seizures)
 * Renal toxicity
 * Hepatotoxicity

<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Antimetabolites
 * **Methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall)**
 * Inhibit DNA production in cells that depend on metabolites to produce their DNA
 * Work in the S phase, interfere with ability of cell to divide
 * Used for various leukemias, some GI and basal cell cancers, Hydatidiform mole, Rheumatoid arthritis, severe psoriasis
 * Part of combination therapy
 * NEOPLASTIC CELLS DEVELOP RESISTANCE TO THESE AGENTS!!!!

<span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Side Effects
 * Hematological- bone marrow suppression
 * GI- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
 * Alopecia or hair loss
 * Skin breakdown
 * CNS- toxicity (seizures)
 * Renal toxicity
 * Hepatotoxicity

<span style="color: #ff00a8; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Antineoplastic Antibiotics
 * **Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)**
 * Interfere with DNA synthesis by inserting itself between the DNA pairs in the DNA chain, causes mutant DNA molecule, causing cell death
 * Toxic to rapidly dividing cells
 * Cell specific affecting the S phase
 * Used for numerous leukemias and cancers

<span style="color: #ff00a8; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Side Effects


 * <span style="color: #ff00a8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hematological- bone marrow suppression
 * <span style="color: #ff00a8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">GI- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
 * <span style="color: #ff00a8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Alopecia or hair loss
 * <span style="color: #ff00a8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Skin breakdown
 * <span style="color: #ff00a8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">CNS- toxicity (seizures)
 * <span style="color: #ff00a8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Renal toxicity
 * <span style="color: #ff00a8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hepatotoxicity

=<span style="color: #00ecff; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Mitotic Inhibitors =
 * <span style="color: #6f0da5; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Vincristine (Oncovin, Vincasar)Kills cells as the process of mitosis begins
 * Cell cycle specific M Phase
 * Inhibits DNA synthesis
 * Interferes with ability of cells to divide
 * used for acute Leukemia, hodgkin disease, non hodgkin lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma

>> =<span style="color: #f28436; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Hormone and Hormone Modulators = >>
 * <span style="color: #571d81; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Side Effects [[image:http://topnews.us/images/imagecache/main_image/Leukemia_0.jpg]]
 * <span style="color: #571d81; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hematological Bone marrow suppression
 * <span style="color: #571d81; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">GI nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
 * <span style="color: #571d81; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Alopecia or hair loss
 * <span style="color: #571d81; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Skin breakdown
 * <span style="color: #571d81; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">CNS toxicity (seizures)
 * <span style="color: #571d81; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Renal toxicity
 * <span style="color: #571d81; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Heopatotoxicity
 * <span style="color: #791698; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Tamoxifien
 * <span style="color: #761797; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Competes with estrogen for binding sites in target tissues, such as breast
 * <span style="color: #761797; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Treatment of metastatic breast cancer, reduction of the incidence of breast cancer in women with high risk. [[image:http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQOd-5Jn3DQBth3sytH1YtzValfHYQh4W2KCiVluOsotS5xkWmq5w&t=1]]
 * <span style="color: #761797; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Side Effects
 * <span style="color: #761797; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Menopausal effects: Hot flashes, rash, nausea, vomiting, vaginal bleeding, menstrual irregularities, edema, pain stroke,pulmonary emboli
 * <span style="color: #761797; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hypercalcemia: calcium pulled out of the bones without estrogen activity to promote calcium deposition
 * <span style="color: #761797; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[[image:http://itsourblog.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/06/28/hormones.jpg width="255" height="192"]]

=<span style="color: #41f144; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cancer Cell Specific Agents =

>> <span style="color: #d21919; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> WE ALSO COST LOTS OF MONEY!!!!
 * <span style="color: #601490; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Imatinib (Gleevec)
 * <span style="color: #7e14ad; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Block of the enzymes inhibits tumor cell growth and division.
 * <span style="color: #7e14ad; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Very specific enzymes, very specific tumors
 * <span style="color: #7e14ad; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Does not effect healthy cells
 * <span style="color: #7e14ad; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Side Effects
 * <span style="color: #7e14ad; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fewer toxic side effects because of specificity
 * <span style="color: #7e14ad; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Adverse: muscle cramps, heart failure, fluid retention, skin rash
 * <span style="color: #f62323; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">GI, SKIN, HAIR LOSS,BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION DO NOT OCCURE WITH THESE DRUGS



Answers to crossword puzzle:

1. anaplasia 2. autonomy 3. vincristine 4. chorambucil 5. radiation 6. methotrexate 7. doxorubicin 8. metastasis 9. imatinib 10. angiogenesis 11. tamoxifen 12. alopecia

References: Pictures from Google Petges, Nancy, RN MSN. Pharmacology: Antineoplastic Agents, 2011.